Migrate spec/javascripts/badges/ to Jest

Description

Let's migrate the specs in spec/javascripts/badges/ from Karma to Jest.

See the related epic for how to do this.

• spec/javascripts/badges/dummy_badge.js
• spec/javascripts/badges/components/badge_list_spec.js
• spec/javascripts/badges/components/badge_spec.js
• spec/javascripts/badges/components/badge_list_row_spec.js
• spec/javascripts/badges/components/badge_form_spec.js
• spec/javascripts/badges/components/badge_settings_spec.js
• spec/javascripts/badges/store/mutations_spec.js
• spec/javascripts/badges/store/actions_spec.js