Registry tables as SSOT for JobArtifacts, Uploads

Following on from #34269 (closed), we now need to make this change for JobArtifacts, Uploads and Projects. This would unblock the effort to enable Geo on Staging as it will remove the need for the FDW queries that are currently timing out.

This issue was raised for three different types as the work required for each is similar. There should be (at least) three MR's for this work, one for each type.