Set up GitLab-QA pipeline for the new Staging Ref Geo site

Part of plan in #350741 (closed)

Needs #350869 (closed) before starting

Task

• Create Staging Ref Geo scenario in GitLab QA - gitlab-qa!909 (merged)
• Update common pipeline with a new job for Geo QA - gitlab-org/quality/pipeline-common!173 (merged)
• Release GitLab QA version with the new scenario in it - gitlab-qa!915 (merged)
• Release new pipeline-common version - https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/pipeline-common/-/releases/v0.5.0
• Create Staging Ref QA CI configs for Geo - gitlab-org/quality/staging-ref!16 (merged)
• Configure CI schedules and environment variables
• Verify that Geo QA pipeline is working