Update Python to 3.9.17

What does this MR do?

Update Python to 3.9.17

Update Python from 3.8.16 to 3.9.17.

Also adds python to the deps.yaml. The changes made to upgrade python were made running deps locally.

See: previous MR updating python

Related issues

Closes https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/issues/4858

Checklist

See Definition of done.

For anything in this list which will not be completed, please provide a reason in the MR discussion

Testing

docker run --rm registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/build/cng/gitlab-python:4858-bump-python python3 --version
Python 3.8.17

Required

• Merge Request Title, and Description are up to date, accurate, and descriptive
• MR targeting the appropriate branch
• MR has a green pipeline on GitLab.com
• When ready for review, MR is labeled "~workflow::ready for review" per the Distribution MR workflow

Expected (please provide an explanation if not completing)

• Test plan indicating conditions for success has been posted and passes
• Documentation created/updated
• Integration tests added to GitLab QA
• The impact any change in container size has should be evaluated
• New dependencies are managed with dependencies.io