Upgrade debian from bullseye to bookworm

What does this MR do?

Upgrade debian from bullseye to bookworm

Changelog: changed

📦 Package updates

Bullseye	Bookworm
libicu67	libicu72
ibpcre2-posix2	ibpcre2-posix3
libtiff5	libtiff6
libssl1.1	libssl3

🔒 OpenSSL in Ruby

Debian 12 (bookworm) comes with OpenSSL 3 which Ruby 3.0 does not support. As a workaround, the latest OpenSSL 1.1 is installed and referenced during the Ruby built.

This workaround can be removed when Ruby 3.1 or newer is used for all builds.

Related issues

Closes #723 (closed)

Checklist

See Definition of done.

For anything in this list which will not be completed, please provide a reason in the MR discussion

Required

• Merge Request Title, and Description are up to date, accurate, and descriptive
• MR targeting the appropriate branch
• MR has a green pipeline on GitLab.com
• When ready for review, MR is labeled "~workflow::ready for review" per the Distribution MR workflow

Expected (please provide an explanation if not completing)

• Test plan indicating conditions for success has been posted and passes
  • Confirm a full QA suite passed (https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/pipelines/1075048291)
  • Confirm the OS release info:

    docker run --rm registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/build/cng/gitlab-base:723-upgrade-to-bookworm cat /etc/os-release
    Begin parsing .tpl templates from /etc
    PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)"
    NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
    VERSION_ID="12"
    VERSION="12 (bookworm)"
    VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm
    ID=debian
    HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
    SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
    BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"

• Documentation created/updated
• Integration tests added to GitLab QA
• The impact any change in container size has should be evaluated
• New dependencies are managed with dependencies.io