ci: start integrating go 1.17 into the CI pipelines
Making sure that all projects have been updated to test against the new Go version is a requisite for changing the package builders to use it (https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/go_guide/#updating-go-version)
Note: this can be merged before 14.2 is released since it doesn't affect the go version of the project.
Blocked by gitlab-build-images!431 (merged)
Related to: #3714
Edited by Zeger-Jan van de Weg