Update Go patch versions
What does this MR do and why?
Update Go patch versions
Update Go 1.19, 1.20, and 1.21 patch versions to the patches released
2023-09-06.
Changelog: changed
Relates gitlab-omnibus-builder!311 (merged)
Relates gitlab-org/build/CNG!1545 (merged)
Checklist
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(If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.
Edited by Clemens Beck