Add Go 1.22 Operator build image

What does this MR do and why?

Add a Go 1.22 image, with updated dependencies.

The new image differs from the 1.21 image in:

• Go version (1.21 -> 1.22)
• Alpine version (3.18 -> 1.19)
• OPM version (1.19.1 -> 1.41.0)
• Kustomize version (4.5.7 -> 5.4.1)
• controller-gen version (0.7.0 -> 0.15.0)
• kubectl version (1.23.1 -> 1.30.0)
• kubebuilder version (3.12.0 -> 3.15.0)
• helm version (3.9.4 -> 3.10.3)
• operatorsdk version (1.32.0 -> 1.34.1)
• task version (3.12.1 -> 3.27.2)
• vcluster version (0.16.3 -> 0.19.5)
• ginkgo cli version (2.9.5 -> 2.17.3)

Relates gitlab-org/cloud-native/gitlab-operator#1658 (closed)

Operator pipeline: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cloud-native/gitlab-operator/-/pipelines/1294876436

Checklist

• (If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.