feat(badge): remove GlDeprecatedBadge

What does this MR do?

This Merge Request removes the GlDeprecatedBadge Component, and will release a new major version of Gitlab-UI since this is a breaking change. The progress on replacing GlDeprecatedBadge with GlBadge on all of our Projects is tracked here.

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Code review guidelines.
• [-] GitLab UI's contributing guidlines.
• [-] If it changes a Pajamas-compliant component's look & feel, the MR has been reviewed by a UX designer.
• [-] If it changes GitLab UI's documentation guidelines, the MR has been reviewed by a Technical Writer.
• If the MR changes a component's API, integration MR(s) have been opened in the following projects to ensure that the @gitlab/ui package can be upgraded quickly after the changes are released:
  • GitLab: gitlab!46547 (closed)
  • Customers Portal: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/customers-gitlab-com/-/merge_requests/2125
  • Status Page: status-page!133 (merged)
• Added the ~"component:*" label(s) if applicable.

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team