Refactor add_concurrent_partitioned_foreign_key migration helper

Ref: #382033 (closed)

What does this MR do and why?

It refactors add_concurrent_partitioned_foreign_key migration helper to allow multiple column references. It also alows to skip adding the FK on the parent table for async validation. Example of usage:

First migration to add the FK on all partitions:

add_concurrent_partitioned_foreign_key(
 :p_ci_builds_metadata,
 :ci_builds,
 column: [:partition_id, :build_id],
 target_column: [:partition_id, :id],
 name: :fk_multiple_columns,
 validate: false
)

Second migration to asynchronously validate the constraints on partitions:

prepare_partitioned_async_foreign_key_validation(
  :p_ci_builds_metadata,
  name: fk_multiple_columns
)

Third migration to add the FK on the parent table and on any new partitions that might have been created:

add_concurrent_partitioned_foreign_key(
 :p_ci_builds_metadata,
 :ci_builds,
 column: [:partition_id, :build_id],
 target_column: [:partition_id, :id],
 name: :fk_multiple_columns,
 validate: true
)

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