Add async indexes for VSA tables

What does this MR do and why?

This MR schedules async index creation for the value stream analytics aggregation tables. These tables are hash-partitioned so running the migration in post_migrate would take some time...

Database

There are many partitions so I truncated the log:

Up:

A lot's of: index_exists and add_index_options calls

main: == 20230524093249 AddAsyncIndexToVsaIssues: migrating =========================
main: -- index_exists?("gitlab_partitions_static.analytics_cycle_analytics_issue_stage_events_00", [:stage_event_hash_id, :group_id, :end_event_timestamp, :issue_id], {:name=>"index_c7ac8595d3", :algorithm=>:concurrently})
main:    -> 0.0085s
main: -- index_exists?("gitlab_partitions_static.analytics_cycle_analytics_issue_stage_events_01", [:stage_event_hash_id, :group_id, :end_event_timestamp, :issue_id], {:name=>"index_837cc295f1", :algorithm=>:concurrently})
main:    -> 0.0064s
main: -- index_exists?("gitlab_partitions_static.analytics_cycle_analytics_issue_stage_events_02", [:stage_event_hash_id, :group_id, :end_event_timestamp, :issue_id], {:name=>"index_c02f569fba", :algorithm=>:concurrently})
main:    -> 0.0055s
main: -- index_exists?("gitlab_partitions_static.analytics_cycle_analytics_issue_stage_events_03", [:stage_event_hash_id, :group_id, :end_event_timestamp, :issue_id], {:name=>"index_be0a028bcc", :algorithm=>:concurrently})


main: == 20230524093355 AddAsyncIndexToVsaMrs: migrating ============================
main: -- index_exists?("gitlab_partitions_static.analytics_cycle_analytics_merge_request_stage_events_00", [:stage_event_hash_id, :group_id, :end_event_timestamp, :merge_request_id], {:name=>"index_ce87cbaf2d", :algorithm=>:concurrently})
main:    -> 0.0032s
main: -- add_index_options("gitlab_partitions_static.analytics_cycle_analytics_merge_request_stage_events_00", [:stage_event_hash_id, :group_id, :end_event_timestamp, :merge_request_id], {:name=>"index_ce87cbaf2d", :algorithm=>:concurrently})
main:    -> 0.0003s
main: -- index_exists?("gitlab_partitions_static.analytics_cycle_analytics_merge_request_stage_events_01", [:stage_event_hash_id, :group_id, :end_event_timestamp, :merge_request_id], {:name=>"index_d17b82ddd9", :algorithm=>:concurrently})
main:    -> 0.0034s
main: -- add_index_options("gitlab_partitions_static.analytics_cycle_analytics_merge_request_stage_events_01", [:stage_event_hash_id, :group_id, :end_event_timestamp, :merge_request_id], {:name=>"index_d17b82ddd9", :algorithm=>:concurrently})
main:    -> 0.0000s

Down:

main: == [advisory_lock_connection] object_id: 275540, pg_backend_pid: 599234
main: == 20230524093355 AddAsyncIndexToVsaMrs: reverting ============================
main: == 20230524093355 AddAsyncIndexToVsaMrs: reverted (0.1503s) ===================


ci: == [advisory_lock_connection] object_id: 275420, pg_backend_pid: 599598
ci: == 20230524093355 AddAsyncIndexToVsaMrs: reverting ============================
ci: == 20230524093355 AddAsyncIndexToVsaMrs: reverted (0.1809s) ===================


main: == 20230524093249 AddAsyncIndexToVsaIssues: reverting =========================
main: == 20230524093249 AddAsyncIndexToVsaIssues: reverted (0.1077s) ================


ci: == 20230524093249 AddAsyncIndexToVsaIssues: reverting =========================
ci: == 20230524093249 AddAsyncIndexToVsaIssues: reverted (0.2501s) ================

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.

Related to #408320 (closed)