Add new index to support age filtering

What does this MR do and why?

This MR adds new indexes to support the new query to filter vulnerabilities by age.

We discussed the additions of theses indexes in this thread.

New query

SELECT
    COUNT(*)
FROM
    "vulnerabilities"
WHERE (detected_at >= '2023-01-09 19:56:51.902449')
    AND "vulnerabilities"."id" IN (
        SELECT
            "vulnerability_reads"."vulnerability_id"
        FROM
            "vulnerability_reads"
        WHERE
            "vulnerability_reads"."project_id" = 43831199
            AND "vulnerability_reads"."uuid" IN ('03008860-d99c-5db5-9d7e-696e281a666e', '16da8d31-cc9a-53b3-ba80-ce5c9a2d014c', '29887843-b0c3-51eb-ae32-6541ce126d8c', '7eec5d87-b1a2-530e-b63c-84ea61d2fe3c', 'b7ee0340-1677-5e1f-9d67-bbb39d361671', 'c6a62a41-8ae2-5ce8-b2c1-a9a3d01bd870', 'cb5d498a-c216-5278-85fd-364793805495', 'd09bc1f6-1c75-5016-89b5-3b5e43851117', 'ef7da7cd-095b-56d6-964e-da65da71bb7f', '1ffb3985-a983-5162-af9b-e6dbeb81deeb', '7514bafd-d628-53cb-ad32-85e77844f5d2', '85651ee3-01cd-5b0a-bc23-00c494b45b6a', '04ebf666-c4ef-50b4-b62e-313b4e325d48', '0bf4f16d-8aea-5e4c-b4df-1681baf405e8', '10ae5b79-a964-5bb2-a867-6b3a59236939', '11b31277-fce6-5bb3-874a-1bf3d5c25d3c', '12a53708-2711-5788-8922-5bf2c0de6eaa', '2b2e1d00-1c3c-5185-be54-1c49f69ad166', '2bfa606c-9962-5877-9857-ba6b25f0a914', '2c6944e3-4335-50c9-856c-4b818ee714c2', '2ea4f566-10a8-5d30-95af-ded9b566d801', '3b3c81d4-dd31-5b52-8b57-5fb6e68bfedf', '3fd16cbf-73b2-54d5-8fdc-c6ee775e4498', '41289776-b162-56d8-9054-7db0e7d12146', '46f624da-37f1-500c-a434-b3c65af91fa4', '47174b58-041b-51da-b9f0-99bd9a434f37', '5037e0bd-12d4-523e-91f0-412c93989974', '50d634ab-4ee1-53c5-a4c9-fc05c766be18', '51f1c4c3-23ea-5d98-9a7d-ce279b14f10b', '5b68c2e0-7451-5950-93b7-60ba04235b48', '5c5738c2-193f-5677-a635-ed75c6e5518b', '64fb668c-971f-57c1-8df3-877277e706b7', '6b737a49-7c0f-5391-9185-9a570ab83156', '70104250-aafa-540f-ae36-6ed6d68e3306', '7012f101-97fb-5aa5-ab3e-09b470265864', '79a83d10-0c09-58da-b5d0-9362d2b05837', '82e25ab8-1705-53e2-8fb7-9305e157a84b', '8c07ce7a-ed01-58d4-82f3-981f4954c16e', '9343b6dd-ec32-5cca-bc0b-8bfb2d2bfde1', '97e49d98-a8d4-580a-aaf2-4da860a650c7', '9c701f87-96d3-54d9-a406-aa91d0e61611', 'a2abac6f-c509-5465-8053-aaf5a8213e18', 'a80bc127-b1a5-551c-8126-99235c91c956', 'b334d494-9175-50dd-add3-886df3094986', 'b953f9f0-6dcd-542a-a22f-c8f8b85b1d1c', 'b98df0db-81e8-53ef-84e6-6dd99e05ee3b', 'bcd56f27-2096-59e8-b1ac-7321ddd16aa1', 'c501814e-f79a-5f77-bab5-d1cd70ae3eb7', 'd109ce06-5c79-5118-a48a-4bbb1be24ae3', 'd6a14526-ee08-5d46-ad4a-e51d5d9f6234')
            AND "vulnerability_reads"."state" IN (1, 4, 2, 3))

Before Index

https://postgres.ai/console/gitlab/gitlab-production-tunnel-pg12/sessions/19160/commands/63219

After Index

https://postgres.ai/console/gitlab/gitlab-production-tunnel-pg12/sessions/19160/commands/63238

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.