Migrate protected branch edit dropdowns to vue

What does this MR do and why?

Migrate protected branch edit dropdowns to vue

Replace the deprecated jQuery access dropdown to vue

Changelog: changed

Screenshots or screen recordings

Before	After
before	after

The behavior seems to be mostly congruent, the only visual difference to me: The dropdown before had a max-width and some truncation.

How to set up and validate locally

1. TBA

MR acceptance checklist

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• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.

Related to #284784 (closed)