Fixes for Rails 7.1 that can be extracted from the upgrade branch

What does this MR do and why?

Original MR: Draft: Upgrade Rails to 7.1.1 version (!124004 - closed)

• Fix spec/controllers/projects/settings/operations_controller_spec.rb
• Fix spec/models/ci/job_annotation_spec.rb
• Fix ./ee/spec/services/approval_rules/finalize_service_spec.rb
• Return === implementation to ApplicationRecord
• Fix updated_by_or_author method
• Check only particular deprecations in specs
• Replace alias_attribute call with methods
• Add conditions to uniqueness validator to workaround an error