Use alpine:latest instead of alpine:edge in CI images

What does this MR do and why?

As described in https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Edge, alpine:edge is a development branch and should not be used in production. Prefer alpine:latest since this uses the latest stable version.

Currently alpine:edge is broken with curl:

$ docker run -it alpine:edge  sh
/ # apk add --no-cache --update curl bash jq
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/16) Installing ncurses-terminfo-base (6.4_p20240309-r0)
(2/16) Installing libncursesw (6.4_p20240309-r0)
(3/16) Installing readline (8.2.10-r0)
(4/16) Installing bash (5.2.26-r0)
Executing bash-5.2.26-r0.post-install
(5/16) Installing ca-certificates (20240226-r0)
(6/16) Installing brotli-libs (1.1.0-r1)
(7/16) Installing c-ares (1.27.0-r0)
(8/16) Installing libunistring (1.2-r0)
(9/16) Installing libidn2 (2.3.7-r0)
(10/16) Installing nghttp2-libs (1.60.0-r0)
(11/16) Installing libpsl (0.21.5-r1)
(12/16) Installing zstd-libs (1.5.6-r0)
(13/16) Installing libcurl (8.6.0-r1)
(14/16) Installing curl (8.6.0-r1)
(15/16) Installing oniguruma (6.9.9-r0)
(16/16) Installing jq (1.7.1-r0)
Executing busybox-1.36.1-r21.trigger
Executing ca-certificates-20240226-r0.trigger
OK: 16 MiB in 30 packages
/ # curl
Error relocating /usr/lib/libcurl.so.4: SSL_get0_group_name: symbol not found

Relates to:

• https://github.com/alpinelinux/docker-alpine/issues/383
• gitlab-org/release/tasks#9635 (closed)