Backport release-environments pipeline in security repo to 17.0

What does this MR do and why?

Describe in detail what merge request is being backported and why

This is a backport of Merge branch 'jennykim/release-environment-trig... (!158647 - merged), because Release Environments only work on stable branches.

Ref: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery/-/issues/20303

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• This MR is backporting a bug fix, documentation update, or spec fix, previously merged in the default branch.
• The MR that fixed the bug on the default branch has been deployed to GitLab.com (not applicable for documentation or spec changes).
• This MR has a severity label assigned (if applicable).
• Set the milestone of the merge request to match the target backport branch version.
• This MR has been approved by a maintainer (only one approval is required).
• Ensure the e2e:package-and-test-ee job has either succeeded or been approved by a Software Engineer in Test.

Note to the merge request author and maintainer

If you have questions about the patch release process, please:

• Refer to the patch release runbook for engineers and maintainers for guidance.
• Ask questions on the #releases Slack channel (internal only).