Database fixes related to Rails 7.1

What does this MR do and why?

• https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/architecture/design-documents/rails_upgrade/
• Move test fixes out of the Rails 7.1 Upgrade MR (#475085 - closed)

Changes

• Exclude pending migration connection from reestablished connections
• Fix spec/services/loose_foreign_keys/partition_cleaner_service_spec.rb
• Use ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.versions instead of all_versions
• Fix ee/spec/models/users_security_dashboard_project_spec.rb
• Ignore id_value for Ci::Build spec
• Fix BulkInsertSafe module for composite keys
• Use connection.schema_migration instead of ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration
• Database indexes: columns and include are seperate fields now
• Explicitly define primary key for Geo::TrackingBase
• Rename rails/generators/testing/behaviour -> rails/generators/testing/behavior
• Explicitly state returning columns for p_ci_builds
• Fix database patch
• Use internal_metadata object instead of InternalMetadata class
• Rename all_versions -> version for schema_migrations