Allow other names for VSA production stage

What does this MR do?

Previously Value Stream Analytics required that the production environment be named exactly "production" (lowercase) to be compatible with the default stages. That was very limiting to customers, who frequently asked for more flexibility. This relaxes the requirement so "prod" and "gprd" are allowed, and also so capitalization is irrelevant. This will make VSA more fully usable by a wider array of customers, and also by GitLab itself.

Resolves #267011 (closed).

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers
• Informed Infrastructure department of a default or new setting change, if applicable per definition of done

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team

Related to #267011 (closed)