Update Docker from 19.03.0 to 20.10.1 on CI/CD

What does this MR do?

Updates Docker on CI/CD from 19.03.0 to 20.10.1.

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Post-merge tasks

• Post to #development: https://gitlab.slack.com/archives/C02PF508L/p1609854499348400
• Post to the Engineering Week in Review

Closes #296380 (closed).