Update `.gitlab-ci.yml` to use patched Ruby

What does this MR do?

This is done for the #296530 (closed).

It uses a gitlab-build-images that include a memory measurement Ruby patch:

• It was introduced here: gitlab-build-images!355 (merged)
• The purpose is defined here: #296530 (closed)
• It is tried to be upstreamed: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/3978
• This will be merged to Omnibus at later moment: omnibus-gitlab!4948 (merged)
• This will be merged to CNG at later moment: gitlab-org/build/CNG!591 (merged)
• This MR will expose this information in our logs: !52306 (merged)
• This patch is backported to Ruby 2.7 (that we use now), and Ruby 3.0 (that we plan to use)
• We change CI image to expose our code base to patch being present before we merge it in Omnibus/CNG
• Unlikely that this requires a changelog entry as of this moment, as we only change the CI image

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers
• Informed Infrastructure department of a default or new setting change, if applicable per definition of done