Add new CI job for linting GraphQL with Apollo

What does this MR do and why?

Let's try it again but with Docker right now. This MS is re-implementation of !74013 (merged) but without adding Apollo to the packages list.

Screenshots or screen recordings

These are strongly recommended to assist reviewers and reduce the time to merge your change.

How to set up and validate locally

Numbered steps to set up and validate the change are strongly suggested.

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.