Run Geo check during gitlab check task, plus refactors

What does this MR do?

This work began in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/8433 but was split out to be merged first, to simplify the original MR.

The only behavior change is to run rake gitlab:geo:check during rake gitlab:check when Geo is enabled.

This MR makes the change easier in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/8433 because the rake tasks and their methods are now easily overrideable.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides
• Conforms to the database guides
• Link to e2e tests MR added if this MR has Requires e2e tests label. See the Test Planning Process.
• EE specific content should be in the top level /ee folder
• For a paid feature, have we considered GitLab.com plans, how it works for groups, and is there a design for promoting it to users who aren't on the correct plan?