Implement async project authorizations refreshes everywhere

What does this MR do and why?

For context on the reason for this change, please see !92333 (comment 1033648348)

This is one of the final stages of getting closer to implementing https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/363163.

With this change, we now have always async project authroizations refresh everywhere, ie, these jobs no longer run inline.

More details are added as inline comments for easier review.

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