Add async index on ci job artifacts expire at midnight and trace

What does this MR do and why?

Add async index on ci job artifacts expire at midnight and trace.

This index will be used in a migration to remove incorrectly set expire_at values on the matching records. The migration is being worked on in this MR: !89318 (merged).

Note that the actual migration will only run on self-managed users, not GitLab.com.

Screenshots or screen recordings

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How to set up and validate locally

Numbered steps to set up and validate the change are strongly suggested.

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.

Related to #355833 (closed)