Add verification to ensure stable branches are green

What does this MR do and why?

A general class on release-tools, to check for GitLab EE, CE, Omnibus and (CNG) stable branches based on a version.

• Addressing: Release pipeline: Ensure stable branches are green (gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery#20292 - closed)

Content

• Refactoring component_branch_verifier.rb to be more generic
• Introducing branches_status.rb
• Add stable branches verification for monthly release

Testing with security preparation

Pipeline

https://ops.gitlab.net/gitlab-org/release/tools/-/pipelines/3554346

❌ The following branches do not have green pipelines:
- gitlab-pages - master - failed: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-pages/-/commits/master
- omnibus-gitlab-ee - master - running: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/-/commits/master