Update RuboCop to 1.43.0 and RuboCop RSpec

What does this MR do and why?

• RuboCop 1.43.0 - https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#1430-2023-01-10
• RuboCop GraphQL 0.18 - https://github.com/DmitryTsepelev/rubocop-graphql/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#0180-2022-10-30
• RuboCop Performance 1.15 - https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop-performance/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#1152-2022-12-25
• RuboCop Rails 2.17 - https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop-rails/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#2174-2022-12-25
• RuboCop RSpec 2.16 - https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop-rspec/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#2160-2022-12-13

With the upgrade of RuboCop we can remove our custom RuboCop patches.

See gitlab-org/gitlab#377469 (comment 1231865207) and https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/pull/11247#issuecomment-1375579325.

Updating other RuboCop gems explicitly makes sense because they are already used in gitlab-org/gitlab implicitly:

$ rg "rubocop-\S+ \(\d+" Gemfile.lock
1280:    rubocop-ast (1.24.1)
1282:    rubocop-gitlab-security (0.1.1)
1284:    rubocop-graphql (0.18.0)
1286:    rubocop-performance (1.15.2)
1289:    rubocop-rails (2.17.4)
1293:    rubocop-rspec (2.16.0)

Testing on gitlab/gitlab-org

See gitlab-org/gitlab!108439 (closed)