Bring propagated SAST ENV vars into parity with docs

What does this MR do?

I used the ENV vars from the README as a template for which ones should and should not be propagated: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/sast#settings

• Adds ENV vars for analyzers that can be customized: ANT_HOME, ANT_PATH, GRADLE_PATH, JAVA_OPTS, JAVA_PATH, MAVEN_CLI_OPTS, MAVEN_PATH, MAVEN_REPO_PATH, SBT_PATH

• Adds missing SAST ENV vars: SAST_PULL_ANALYZER_IMAGES

A separate MR updates the docs to remove a deprecated ENV var and add missing documentation for a Bandit analyzer ENV var: gitlab-org/security-products/sast!144 (merged)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation created/updated or follow-up review issue created
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Performance and testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team

Closes #10842 (closed)