Removes the size prop from the HAML BadgeComponent

What does this MR do and why?

Removes the size prop from the HAML Pajamas::BadgeComponent & gl_badge_tag

This is a follow-up to GlLabel: Remove size property from codebase (!129915 - merged) where we already removed the properties for the Vue integration. As we removed sizes from Badges to render it in a single size this property is now useless.

• It removes size props from BadgeComponent
• Updates structure of BadgeComponent to match recent updates to GlBadge
• Adds new examples to the HAML Lookbook

I did run a semgrep to find all instances:

NO_COLOR=1 semgrep --lang=generic --pattern='Pajamas::BadgeComponent ... size:... ...' --include='*.html.haml' --include='*.rb' .

NO_COLOR=1 semgrep --lang=generic --pattern='gl_badge_tag ... size:... ...' --include='*.html.haml' --include='*.rb' .

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How to set up and validate locally

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Related to !129915 (merged), #457239 (closed)